Skin Cancer: How to Spot It, Prevent It, and What to Do

Skin cancer is common, but catching it early makes a huge difference. You don’t need medical training to notice warning signs or take simple steps that lower risk. Read on for clear, practical actions you can use today.

How to spot skin cancer

Start with a quick monthly self-check in good light and a full-length mirror. Look at your whole body — front, back, both sides, under arms, between fingers and toes, scalp, ears, and under nails. Use your phone to photograph spots so you can compare over time.

Use the ABCDE rule for suspicious moles: A for Asymmetry (one half unlike the other), B for Border (irregular edges), C for Color (mix of colors or very dark), D for Diameter (bigger than 6 mm, about a pencil eraser), and E for Evolving (changes in size, shape, color, or symptoms like itching or bleeding). Any new spot that grows or any sore that won’t heal should be checked.

Know the common types: basal cell carcinoma often looks like a pearly bump or sore that heals then returns; squamous cell carcinoma may be a scaly patch or crusted sore; melanoma is the most dangerous and can appear as a dark, uneven mole or a new spot. If you’re unsure, ask a doctor — a biopsy is the only way to confirm.

Prevention and practical next steps

Sunscreen is your easiest tool. Use broad-spectrum SPF 30 or higher, apply 15–30 minutes before going outside, and reapply every two hours or after swimming or sweating. Don’t forget lips and ears. Clothing helps too — wear a wide-brim hat, long sleeves, and tight-weave fabrics when you’ll be in the sun for hours.

Avoid tanning beds. They increase risk and cause premature skin damage. If you have a history of severe sunburns, lots of moles, or a family history of skin cancer, talk to a dermatologist about regular professional checks — often once a year or more if you’re high risk.

If a doctor finds something suspicious, they may shave, punch, or fully remove the lesion for testing. Early-stage skin cancers are often removed with minor surgery and have excellent outcomes. For more advanced cases, treatment options include Mohs surgery, topical medications, or other therapies your doctor will explain based on the type and stage.

Keep a simple record: one photo per month of spots that worry you and a note about any new symptoms. That makes it easier to spot real changes and gives your doctor useful information. If you’re unsure whether to book an appointment, a quick rule: if a spot isn’t normal for your skin and it’s new, changing, painful, or bleeding — get it checked.

Skin health is simple habits plus attention. Check monthly, protect daily, and see a pro when something changes. That approach catches most problems early and keeps your skin in better shape for years.