Glaucoma Risk: What Increases It and How to Protect Your Vision

When we talk about glaucoma risk, the likelihood of developing damage to the optic nerve that can lead to permanent vision loss. Also known as the silent thief of sight, it often shows no symptoms until significant damage has already occurred. This isn’t just about old age—glaucoma risk starts building years before symptoms appear, and many people don’t realize they’re in danger until it’s too late.

One of the biggest factors driving intraocular pressure, the fluid pressure inside the eye is genetics. If a close family member has glaucoma, your risk jumps significantly. But it’s not just inherited—long-term use of steroid eye drops, diabetes, high blood pressure, and even severe nearsightedness can raise your optic nerve damage, the irreversible harm caused by pressure buildup in the eye. Even something as simple as sleeping with your head positioned too low can increase eye pressure overnight. And while age over 60 is a known trigger, African Americans and people of Asian descent face higher risks starting in their 40s.

What most people don’t know is that normal eye pressure doesn’t mean you’re safe. Some people develop glaucoma even with pressure readings in the "normal" range—this is called normal-tension glaucoma. That’s why regular eye exams aren’t optional. A simple tonometry test, optic nerve imaging, and visual field screening can catch early signs before you lose a single pixel of vision. The earlier you find it, the more you can slow or stop it.

And here’s the thing: lifestyle choices matter. Smoking doubles your risk. Heavy alcohol use and lack of exercise also contribute. On the flip side, regular aerobic activity—like brisk walking or cycling—can lower eye pressure. Eating leafy greens, omega-3-rich fish, and foods high in antioxidants may help protect your optic nerve. It’s not a cure, but it’s a shield.

You don’t need to wait for blurry vision or tunnel sight to act. Glaucoma risk is silent, but your response doesn’t have to be. Whether you’re 35 and have a family history, 55 and on steroid medication, or just tired of guessing about your eye health, the tools to protect yourself are right here. Below, you’ll find real, practical guides on how certain medications, supplements, and conditions connect to your eye health—so you know exactly what to watch for, what to ask your doctor, and what to avoid.